ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
CN 11-1911/B
Acta Psychologica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (9): 1858-1872.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1858
• Column on the Stress, Resilience, and Health • Previous Articles Next Articles
LI Deyu1,2, WEI Shuhua1(
)
Published:2026-09-25
Online:2026-07-29
Contact:
WEI Shuhua, E-mail: sep_weish@ujn.edu.cn.
LI Deyu, WEI Shuhua. (2026). Heterogeneous development trajectories of adolescent internet gaming disorder: Etiological Factors and their dynamic variation characteristics. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(9), 1858-1872.
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URL: https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1858
Figure 1. Distribution of IGD scores across three time waves for the four-class model. Note: C1, “high IGD level and rapidly increasing group”; C2, “moderate IGD level and stable group”; C3, “low IGD level and stable group”; C4, “high IGD level and increasing group”; Error bars in the figure represent M ± 1.96 SE.
| Difference value (normative development group - addictive development group) | p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| Global Properties | Global Strength | 0.07 | 0.65 | 1.44 | 0.907 | 0.177 | 0.001 |
| Network Structure Invariance | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.794 | 0.464 | 0.030 | |
Table 1 Results of network comparison analysis across groups at each time wave
| Difference value (normative development group - addictive development group) | p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| Global Properties | Global Strength | 0.07 | 0.65 | 1.44 | 0.907 | 0.177 | 0.001 |
| Network Structure Invariance | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.794 | 0.464 | 0.030 | |
| T1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.27 | 0.20 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | -0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0 | -0.03 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | -0.09 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.05 | 0 | -0.34 | 0.29 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.11 | 0 | 0.03 | -0.11 | 0 | -0.17 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | -0.04 | 0.13 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.29 | 0.47 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0 | -0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.13 | -0.10 | -0.04 | -0.01 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | -0.04 | -0.14 | 0.21 | 0 | ||
| 15 | 0 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0 | -0.06 | 0 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0.02 | -0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.09 | 0 | -0.08 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.21 | -0.01 | 0 |
Table 2 Edge weights of the network model for the addictive development group at T1
| T1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.27 | 0.20 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | -0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0 | -0.03 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | -0.09 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.05 | 0 | -0.34 | 0.29 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.11 | 0 | 0.03 | -0.11 | 0 | -0.17 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | -0.04 | 0.13 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.29 | 0.47 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0 | -0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.13 | -0.10 | -0.04 | -0.01 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | -0.04 | -0.14 | 0.21 | 0 | ||
| 15 | 0 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0 | -0.06 | 0 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0.02 | -0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.09 | 0 | -0.08 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.21 | -0.01 | 0 |
| T2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.27 | 0.21 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | -0.04 | 0 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.09 | -0.01 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | -0.27 | 0.33 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | -0.10 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | -0.03 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | -0.06 | 0.02 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | -0.02 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.39 | 0.55 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0.22 | 0 | 0.11 | 0 | -0.03 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | -0.04 | -0.05 | 0.21 | 0 | ||
| 15 | -0.02 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0 | -0.03 | -0.12 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.03 | -0.13 | 0 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.02 | -0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.10 | -0.09 | 0 |
Table 3 Edge weights of the network model for the addictive development group at T2
| T2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.27 | 0.21 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | -0.04 | 0 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.09 | -0.01 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | -0.27 | 0.33 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | -0.10 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | -0.03 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | -0.06 | 0.02 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | -0.02 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.39 | 0.55 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0.22 | 0 | 0.11 | 0 | -0.03 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | -0.04 | -0.05 | 0.21 | 0 | ||
| 15 | -0.02 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0 | -0.03 | -0.12 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.03 | -0.13 | 0 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.02 | -0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.10 | -0.09 | 0 |
| T3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.27 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.26 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | -0.05 | 0 | -0.06 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.10 | 0 | -0.21 | 0.36 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.11 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | -0.12 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | -0.03 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0.18 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | 0.16 | 0 | 0.13 | -0.05 | -0.06 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.01 | -0.02 | 0.22 | 0 | ||
| 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0 | -0.13 | 0 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | -0.16 | -0.06 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 |
Table 4 Edge weights of the network model for the addictive development group at T3
| T3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.27 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.26 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | -0.05 | 0 | -0.06 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.10 | 0 | -0.21 | 0.36 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.11 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | -0.12 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | -0.03 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0.18 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | 0.16 | 0 | 0.13 | -0.05 | -0.06 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.01 | -0.02 | 0.22 | 0 | ||
| 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0 | -0.13 | 0 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | -0.16 | -0.06 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 |
| T1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.33 | 0.21 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | -0.06 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.35 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | -0.01 | 0 | -0.08 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.31 | 0.21 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.01 | -0.01 | 0 | -0.18 | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | -0.01 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | -0.01 | 0 | -0.06 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | 0.11 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | -0.06 | 0.08 | -0.02 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.17 | 0 | 0.11 | -0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | -0.11 | -0.05 | 0.20 | 0 | ||
| 15 | -0.01 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0 | -0.07 | -0.04 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.05 | -0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.02 | -0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | 0 | -0.10 | 0 | 0.08 | 0.18 | -0.02 | 0 |
Table 5 Edge weights of the network model for the normative development group at T1
| T1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.33 | 0.21 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | -0.06 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.35 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | -0.01 | 0 | -0.08 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.31 | 0.21 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.01 | -0.01 | 0 | -0.18 | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | -0.01 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | -0.01 | 0 | -0.06 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | 0.11 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | -0.06 | 0.08 | -0.02 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.17 | 0 | 0.11 | -0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | -0.11 | -0.05 | 0.20 | 0 | ||
| 15 | -0.01 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0 | -0.07 | -0.04 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.05 | -0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.02 | -0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | 0 | -0.10 | 0 | 0.08 | 0.18 | -0.02 | 0 |
| T2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | -0.01 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.31 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | -0.16 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.03 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0.08 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.02 | 0 | -0.37 | 0.24 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.01 | -0.10 | 0 | -0.15 | 0.30 | 0.14 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | 0 | 0.12 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | 0 | 0 | -0.10 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0 | -0.04 | -0.04 | 0.03 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | -0.05 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.03 | -0.02 | 0.02 | 0.40 | 0.51 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.07 | -0.05 | -0.03 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | -0.03 | -0.12 | 0.21 | 0 | ||
| 15 | -0.04 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.14 | -0.04 | -0.08 | -0.03 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | -0.01 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 |
Table 6 Edge weights of the network model for the normative development group at T2
| T2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | -0.01 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.31 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | -0.16 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.03 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0.08 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.02 | 0 | -0.37 | 0.24 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.01 | -0.10 | 0 | -0.15 | 0.30 | 0.14 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | 0 | 0.12 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | 0 | 0 | -0.10 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0 | -0.04 | -0.04 | 0.03 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | -0.05 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.03 | -0.02 | 0.02 | 0.40 | 0.51 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.07 | -0.05 | -0.03 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | -0.03 | -0.12 | 0.21 | 0 | ||
| 15 | -0.04 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.14 | -0.04 | -0.08 | -0.03 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | -0.01 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 |
| T3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.28 | 0.26 | -0.03 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | -0.18 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0.02 | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0 | 0 | -0.05 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0.05 | -0.03 | 0 | -0.06 | 0 | -0.39 | 0.22 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0 | -0.07 | 0 | -0.15 | 0.29 | 0.10 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | 0 | 0.13 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | 0 | 0.03 | -0.10 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | -0.04 | -0.01 | 0.11 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | -0.05 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0.37 | 0.57 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.12 | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | -0.07 | -0.07 | 0.24 | 0 | ||
| 15 | -0.04 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.15 | -0.03 | -0.07 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0 | -0.01 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.01 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0.05 | 0.13 | -0.04 | 0 |
Table 7 Edge weights of the network model for the normative development group at T3
| T3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 4 | -0.28 | 0.26 | -0.03 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | -0.18 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 7 | 0.02 | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0 | 0 | -0.05 | 0 | |||||||||
| 8 | 0.05 | -0.03 | 0 | -0.06 | 0 | -0.39 | 0.22 | 0 | ||||||||
| 9 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0 | -0.07 | 0 | -0.15 | 0.29 | 0.10 | 0 | |||||||
| 10 | 0 | 0.13 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| 11 | 0 | 0.03 | -0.10 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | -0.04 | -0.01 | 0.11 | 0 | |||||
| 12 | -0.05 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0.37 | 0.57 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.12 | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 14 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | -0.07 | -0.07 | 0.24 | 0 | ||
| 15 | -0.04 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.15 | -0.03 | -0.07 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0 | -0.01 | 0 | |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.01 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | -0.02 | 0.05 | 0.13 | -0.04 | 0 |
Figure 2. Network models of the addictive development group across three time waves. Note: (a) Network model of the addictive development group at T1; (b) Network model of the addictive development group at T2; (c) Network model of the addictive development group at T3. Blue lines represent edges with positive partial correlations, while red lines represent edges with negative partial correlations; the thickness of an edge indicates the magnitude of its edge weight.
Figure 3. Network models of the normative development group across three time waves. Note: (a) Network model of the normative development group at T1; (b) Network model of the normative development group at T2; (c) Network model of the normative development group at T3. Blue lines represent edges with positive partial correlations, while red lines represent edges with negative partial correlations; the thickness of an edge indicates the magnitude of its edge weight.
Figure 4. Node strength centrality across three time waves for the addictive development group (left) and the normative development group (right). Note: IND2, self-esteem; SCH3, school belonging; FAM1, family functioning; FAM2, harsh parenting; FAM3, parental marital conflict; FAM4, parental psychological control; IND1, extraversion; IND3, resilience; IND4, neuroticism; IND5, sensation seeking; NBH1, neighborhood resources; SCH1, peer support; SCH2, teacher support; SCH4, peer victimization; SCH5, deviant peer affiliation.
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